{"id":104992,"date":"2025-06-24T12:17:57","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T11:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/?p=104992"},"modified":"2025-06-24T12:18:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T11:18:01","slug":"u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Image credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@siora18\">Siora Photography<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 style=\"user-select: auto;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; user-select: auto;\">For the tenth year in a row, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by a 2-digit percentage after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A remarkable $7.04 billion. That&#8217;s the NMPA&#8217;s (National Music Publishers&#8217; Association) newly revealed data for 2024. That was the figure of <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/publishing\">music publishing<\/a> revenues generated in the United States last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The figures were revealed by the NMPA and their CEO David Israelite at a recent meeting. They revealed that 2024&#8217;s music publishing revenues represent the 10th year in a row of double digit growth. The figures grew 13.41% from 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.musicbusinessworldwide.com\/recorded-music-streaming-revenues-grew-by-just-3-6-yoy-in-the-united-states-in-2024-dragged-down-by-a-decline-in-advertising-payouts\/#:~:text=According%20to%20new%20data%20issued%20by%20the,in%202024%2C%20up%20to%20USD%20$14.88%20billion.&amp;text=Revenues%20from%20CDs%20grew%201%25%20YoY%20to%20$541%20million%20in%202024.\">surpassing the U.S. recorded streaming revenues which grew just 3.6%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The growth of music publishing revenues in recent years hasn&#8217;t come from nowhere. Israelite points to the battles of recent years to get sources not paying for licensing to pay: &#8220;We fought, we won, and now nearly $2 billion of our revenue last year came from these sources.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Israelite continues: &#8220;This incredible growth story is in spite of the fact that 72% of our revenue is under oppressive government price controls, which have denied songwriters and music publishers the true value of their intellectual property.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The NMPA point towards the impact of the <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-the-mlc-mechanical-licensing-collective-explained\/\">Mechanical Licensing Collective<\/a>, an organisation launched in 2021 and designated by the U.S. copyright office to administer mechanical licenses across digital music stores. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-routenote-blog wp-block-embed-routenote-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"aiUpAw3ScQ\"><a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-the-mlc-mechanical-licensing-collective-explained\/\">What is the MLC? Mechanical Licensing Collective explained<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;What is the MLC? Mechanical Licensing Collective explained&#8221; &#8212; RouteNote Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-the-mlc-mechanical-licensing-collective-explained\/embed\/#?secret=aiUpAw3ScQ\" data-secret=\"aiUpAw3ScQ\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The MLC have been at odds with <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/spotify#:~:text=You%20can%20distribute%20unlimited%20music,listeners%20all%20around%20the%20world.\">Spotify<\/a> in the last year, after <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/spotify-premium-can-now-listen-to-audiobooks-no-extra-cost\/\">Spotify bundled audiobooks<\/a> into their service, <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/are-audiobooks-earning-artists-less\/\">impacting publishing royalties<\/a> generated by streams on their platform. <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/spotify-wins-mlc-bundling-lawsuit\/\">Spotify won a lawsuit over the issue<\/a>, but <a href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/mlc-asks-court-to-reconsider-spotify-bundling-case-dismissal\/\">the MLC have asked the court to reconsider<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst 2024&#8217;s results look great, David Israelite says that there is a &#8220;unique problem&#8221; in which songwriters do not &#8220;stick together&#8221; to ensure their rights in licensing and revenues. He said: &#8220;Those who are fighting for fair songwriter rates are sometimes attacked by some of the very songwriters they are trying to help.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He goes on: &#8220;I am calling on recording artists, managers, and record labels to stand with non-performing songwriters whenever and wherever they strike. There is an opportunity to make a meaningful difference in song-writer income if we all stand together. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;And all of us need to do a better job articulating why we are in these disputes so that songwriters are armed with the information they need to help themselves.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":105011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[3858,1038,2443],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.4.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RouteNote Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"471\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CockJacca\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jacca-RouteNote\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RouteNote\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/routenote-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/routenote-logo.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"RouteNote\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"RouteNote Blog\",\"description\":\"The World of Digital Music - Distribution - Stores and Free Music\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":471,\"caption\":\"black and white photo of a vinyl record up close on top of music notation\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/\",\"name\":\"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c0cf8473ad65e0c00d09ff942bac997d\"},\"headline\":\"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage\"},\"wordCount\":404,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"music publishing\",\"music streaming\",\"royalties\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artist \/ Label News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c0cf8473ad65e0c00d09ff942bac997d\",\"name\":\"Jacca-RouteNote\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/630810cdfb9548b677f11cb2bfaac3b8?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/630810cdfb9548b677f11cb2bfaac3b8?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Jacca-RouteNote\"},\"description\":\"Writing about music, listening to music, and occasionally playing music.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CockJacca\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/author\/jacca\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog","description":"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog","og_description":"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.","og_url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/","og_site_name":"RouteNote Blog","article_published_time":"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":471,"url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@CockJacca","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jacca-RouteNote","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"RouteNote","url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/","sameAs":[],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/routenote-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/routenote-logo.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"caption":"RouteNote"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/","name":"RouteNote Blog","description":"The World of Digital Music - Distribution - Stores and Free Music","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg","width":800,"height":471,"caption":"black and white photo of a vinyl record up close on top of music notation"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/","name":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth - RouteNote Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00","description":"For the tenth consecutive year, U.S. music publishing revenue has grown by 2-digits after battles to reclaim lost music publishing income.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c0cf8473ad65e0c00d09ff942bac997d"},"headline":"U.S. music publishing see a decade of double digit growth","datePublished":"2025-06-24T11:17:57+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-24T11:18:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#webpage"},"wordCount":404,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg","keywords":["music publishing","music streaming","royalties"],"articleSection":["Artist \/ Label News"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/u-s-music-publishing-see-a-decade-of-double-digit-growth\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c0cf8473ad65e0c00d09ff942bac997d","name":"Jacca-RouteNote","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/630810cdfb9548b677f11cb2bfaac3b8?s=96&d=blank&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/630810cdfb9548b677f11cb2bfaac3b8?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Jacca-RouteNote"},"description":"Writing about music, listening to music, and occasionally playing music.","sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/CockJacca"],"url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/author\/jacca\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/siora-photography-fkf1NbPNTkk-unsplash.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104992"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104992\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routenote.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}